Week7-notes

Formative, Summative, and Confirmative Evaluations
The three categories of evaluation – formative, summative, and confirmative – are independent but related. They occur at three different times during course development and implementation and also have different purposes. However, the unifying element among the three types of evaluation is that they are all used to ensure that the course is as effective as possible.
 * || **Time** || **Purpose** ||
 * Formative || Durng development || To make needed adjustments to course content and logistics ||
 * Summative || Following implementation || To judge if the course is successful in achieving its objectives and resource-effective ||
 * Confirmative || At a later time/s, sometimes a year or more later || To verify the course continues to perform as expected. ||

In the world of training evaluation, two names are preeminent: Donald Kirkpatrick, who in the 1950s presented a four-level model of evaluation that remained "the" standard for nearly 50 years; and Jack Phillips, who in recent years has challenged the four levels with a fifth, focused on return on investment (ROI), an important financial metric.
 * Kirkpatrick, Phillips, and Others**

Locate and read one or more articles concerning Kirkpatrick and Phillips. One especially good one is "The Evaluation Heavyweight Match" by Diederick Stoel in T+D, 15357740, Jan2004, Vol. 58, Issue 1, which can be found online in Academic Search Premier. ﻿ Prominent as Kirkpatrick and Phillips are, however, they are joined by a number of other experts proposing other evaluation models. In a field evolving as actively as this one is, it’s important to keep up to date. Explore at least one more evaluation leader, such as Robert Brinkerhoff, who proposes a model called the Success Case Impact Evaluation Method. Other names to search for include Daniel Stufflebeam (CIPP model), Egon Guba and Yvonna Lincoln (constructivist evaluation), and Michael Quinn Patton (qualitative and utilization-focused evaluation processes). (Alternate keywords: Donald Kirkpatrick, Jack Phillips ROI model, evaluation models, evaluation models in education, Brinkerhoff evaluation, success case method, Stufflebeam evaluation models, CIPP model, Guba and Lincoln, Patton evaluation.)  